Conquerors: How Portugal Forged the First Global Empire
Roger Crowley
Crowley on the age of da Gama and Albuquerque, Manuel I's reign at the height of Portuguese power.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Bayezid II
Ottoman Empire
1495–1512
Henry VII of England
England
1495–1509
Henry VIII of England
England
1509–1521
Selim I
Ottoman Empire
1512–1520
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Spain
1495–1516
Emperor Go-Kashiwabara
Japan
1500–1521
Louis XII of France
France
1498–1515
Zhengde Emperor
China
1505–1521
James IV of Scotland
Scotland
1495–1513
Ashikaga Yoshitane
Japan (Shogunate)
1508–1521
Hongzhi Emperor
China
1495–1505
Maximilian I
Holy Roman Empire
1508–1519
Ashikaga Yoshizumi
Japan (Shogunate)
1495–1508
Francis I of France
France
1515–1521
James V of Scotland
Scotland
1513–1521
Pope Julius II
Papacy
1503–1513
Charles V
Spain
1516–1521
Pope Leo X
Papacy
1513–1521
Pope Alexander VI
Papacy
1495–1503
Charles VIII of France
France
1495–1498
Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado
Japan
1495–1500
Charles V
Holy Roman Empire
1519–1521
Hans, King of Denmark
Sweden
1497–1501
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Manuel I of Portugal's life and times.
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