
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Bayezid II
Ottoman Empire
1503–1512

Henry VII of England
England
1503–1509

Louis XII of France
France
1503–1513

Henry VIII of England
England
1509–1513

Ferdinand II of Aragon
Spain
1503–1513

James IV of Scotland
Scotland
1503–1513

Emperor Go-Kashiwabara
Japan
1503–1513

Manuel I of Portugal
Portugal
1503–1513

Zhengde Emperor
China
1505–1513

Selim I
Ottoman Empire
1512–1513

Maximilian I
Holy Roman Empire
1508–1513

Ashikaga Yoshitane
Japan (Shogunate)
1508–1513

Ashikaga Yoshizumi
Japan (Shogunate)
1503–1508

Hongzhi Emperor
China
1503–1505
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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