
Recommended read
Mary of Guise in Scotland, 1548-1560
Pamela E. Ritchie
A well-regarded work on James V of Scotland and scottish history, useful for going deeper beyond this page.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Henry VIII of England
England
1509–1547

Suleiman the Magnificent
Ottoman Empire
1520–1566

Francis I of France
France
1515–1547

Humayun
Mughal Empire
1531–1540; 1555–1556

Charles V
Spain
1516–1556

Selim I
Ottoman Empire
1512–1520

Charles V
Holy Roman Empire
1519–1556

Babur
Mughal Empire
1526–1531

Jiajing Emperor of Ming
China
1521–1567

Ashikaga Yoshiharu
Japan (Shogunate)
1522–1547

John III of Portugal
Portugal
1521–1557

Gustav I of Sweden
Sweden
1523–1560

Emperor Go-Nara
Japan
1526–1557

Emperor Go-Kashiwabara
Japan
1500–1526

Zhengde Emperor
China
1505–1521

Pope Clement VII
Papacy
1523–1534

Ashikaga Yoshitane
Japan (Shogunate)
1490–1493; 1508–1522

Manuel I of Portugal
Portugal
1495–1521

Pope Leo X
Papacy
1513–1521

Pope Paul III
Papacy
1534–1549

Maximilian I
Holy Roman Empire
1508–1519

Ferdinand II of Aragon
Spain
1479–1516

Pope Adrian VI
Papacy
1522–1523
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.

Recommended read
Pamela E. Ritchie
A well-regarded work on James V of Scotland and scottish history, useful for going deeper beyond this page.
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