Francis I
R. J. Knecht
Knecht's definitive life of the Renaissance prince who rivalled Charles V for European mastery.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Henry VIII of England
England
1515–1547
Suleiman the Magnificent
Ottoman Empire
1520–1547
Charles V
Spain
1516–1547
Humayun
Mughal Empire
1531–1540
Charles V
Holy Roman Empire
1519–1547
Jiajing Emperor of Ming
China
1521–1547
James V of Scotland
Scotland
1515–1542
Selim I
Ottoman Empire
1515–1520
Babur
Mughal Empire
1526–1531
Ashikaga Yoshiharu
Japan (Shogunate)
1522–1547
John III of Portugal
Portugal
1521–1547
Gustav I of Sweden
Sweden
1523–1547
Emperor Go-Nara
Japan
1526–1547
Pope Paul III
Papacy
1534–1547
Emperor Go-Kashiwabara
Japan
1515–1526
Pope Clement VII
Papacy
1523–1534
Zhengde Emperor
China
1515–1521
Ashikaga Yoshitane
Japan (Shogunate)
1515–1522
Manuel I of Portugal
Portugal
1515–1521
Pope Leo X
Papacy
1515–1521
Maximilian I
Holy Roman Empire
1515–1519
Mary, Queen of Scots
Scotland
1542–1547
Pope Adrian VI
Papacy
1522–1523
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Francis I of France's life and times.
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