A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire
A. R. Disney
Pedro IV of Portugal and Pedro I of Brazil, independence, liberal wars, and constitutional struggle.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Francis I of Austria
Austria
1826–1826
Nicholas I of Russia
Russia
1826–1826
Frederick William III of Prussia
Prussia
1826–1826
William I of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1826–1826
Charles X of France
France
1826–1826
George IV of the United Kingdom
Great Britain
1826–1826
Mahmud II
Ottoman Empire
1826–1826
Akbar Shah II
Mughal Empire
1826–1826
Daoguang Emperor
China
1826–1826
Ferdinand VII of Spain
Spain
1826–1826
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Austria
1826–1826
Emperor Ninkō
Japan
1826–1826
Tokugawa Ienari
Japan (Shogunate)
1826–1826
Pope Leo XII
Papacy
1826–1826
Charles XIV John of Sweden
Sweden
1826–1826
Maria II of Portugal
Portugal
1826–1826
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Pedro I of Brazil's life and times.
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