The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Louis XIV of France
France
1658–1659
Mehmed IV
Ottoman Empire
1658–1659
Aurangzeb
Mughal Empire
1658–1659
Shunzhi Emperor
China
1658–1659
Philip IV of Spain
Spain
1658–1659
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1658–1659
Emperor Go-Sai
Japan
1658–1659
Tokugawa Ietsuna
Japan (Shogunate)
1658–1659
Afonso VI of Portugal
Portugal
1658–1659
Pope Alexander VII
Papacy
1658–1659
Yongli Emperor
China
1658–1659
Charles X Gustav of Sweden
Sweden
1658–1659
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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