The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Alexander II of Russia
Russia
1861–1875
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Austria
1861–1875
Wilhelm I
Prussia
1861–1875
William III of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1861–1875
Isabella II of Spain
Spain
1861–1868
Emperor Meiji
Japan
1867–1875
Victoria
Great Britain
1861–1875
Abdulaziz
Ottoman Empire
1861–1875
Luís I of Portugal
Portugal
1861–1875
Pope Pius IX
Papacy
1861–1875
Napoleon III
France
1861–1870
Charles XV
Sweden
1861–1872
Emperor Kōmei
Japan
1861–1867
Hong Xiuquan
China
1861–1864
Tokugawa Iemochi
Japan (Shogunate)
1861–1866
Amadeo I of Spain
Spain
1870–1873
Tokugawa Yoshinobu
Japan (Shogunate)
1866–1868
Oscar II of Sweden
Sweden
1872–1875
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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