The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Isabella II of Spain
Spain
1851–1864
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Austria
1851–1864
William III of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1851–1864
Alexander II of Russia
Russia
1855–1864
Frederick William IV of Prussia
Prussia
1851–1861
Victoria
Great Britain
1851–1864
Napoleon III
France
1852–1864
Nicholas I of Russia
Russia
1851–1855
Emperor Kōmei
Japan
1851–1864
Pope Pius IX
Papacy
1851–1864
Xianfeng Emperor
China
1851–1861
Abdülmecid I
Ottoman Empire
1851–1861
Wilhelm I
Prussia
1861–1864
Maria II of Portugal
Portugal
1851–1853
Bahadur Shah Zafar
Mughal Empire
1851–1857
Pedro V of Portugal
Portugal
1853–1861
Oscar I of Sweden
Sweden
1851–1859
Tokugawa Iemochi
Japan (Shogunate)
1858–1864
Tokugawa Iesada
Japan (Shogunate)
1853–1858
Abdulaziz
Ottoman Empire
1861–1864
Tongzhi Emperor
China
1861–1864
Charles XV
Sweden
1859–1864
Luís I of Portugal
Portugal
1861–1864
Tokugawa Ieyoshi
Japan (Shogunate)
1851–1853
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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