The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Olof Skötkonung
Sweden
997–1022
Robert II of France
France
997–1022
Basil II
Rome
997–1022
Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1014–1022
Cnut the Great
England
1016–1022
Emperor Shengzong of Liao
China
997–1022
Otto III
Holy Roman Empire
997–1002
Æthelred the Unready
England
997–1013
Malcolm II of Scotland
Scotland
1005–1022
Emperor Ichijō
Japan
997–1011
Pope Benedict VIII
Papacy
1012–1022
Kenneth III of Scotland
Scotland
997–1005
Emperor Go-Ichijō
Japan
1016–1022
Pope John XVIII
Papacy
1003–1009
Emperor Sanjō
Japan
1011–1016
Pope Sylvester II
Papacy
999–1003
Pope Sergius IV
Papacy
1009–1012
Pope Gregory V
Papacy
997–999
Ring of Sweden
Sweden
997–1000
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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