The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Henry III
Holy Roman Empire
1048–1048
Anund Jacob
Sweden
1048–1048
Henry I of France
France
1048–1048
Edward the Confessor
England
1048–1048
Emperor Renzong of Song
China
1048–1048
Zoe Porphyrogenita
Rome
1048–1048
Theodora Porphyrogenita
Rome
1048–1048
Constantine IX Monomachos
Rome
1048–1048
Macbeth, King of Scotland
Scotland
1048–1048
Emperor Go-Reizei
Japan
1048–1048
Emperor Xingzong of Liao
China
1048–1048
Macbeth
Scotland
1048–1048
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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