Explore who held power in each world throne this year.

England
Henry III of England
all year
Western Europe
Scotland
Alexander II of Scotland
all year
Western Europe

France
Louis IX of France
all year
Western Europe

Spain
James I of Aragon
all year
Western Europe

Portugal
Sancho II of Portugal
all year
Western Europe

Sweden
Erik Eriksson
all year
Northern Europe

Rome
John III Doukas Vatatzes
all year
Mediterranean

Holy Roman Empire
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
all year
Central Europe

Papacy
Pope Gregory IX
until 22 Aug
Southern Europe

China
Emperor Lizong of Song
all year
East Asia

Japan
Emperor Shijō
all year
East Asia

Japan (Shogunate)
Kujō Yoritsune
all year
East Asia