Scotland: A History
Jenny Wormald
The standard one-volume history of Scotland, essential context for the early kingdom and its kings.
Malcolm IV of Scotland
- Life
- 1141–1165
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Henry II of England
England
1154–1165
Afonso I of Portugal
Portugal
1153–1165
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Spain
1158–1165
Louis VII of France
France
1153–1165
Manuel I Komnenos
Rome
1153–1165
Alfonso VII of Castile
Spain
1153–1157
Karl Sverkersson
Sweden
1161–1165
Frederick Barbarossa
Holy Roman Empire
1155–1165
Saint Erik
Sweden
1156–1160
Emperor Gaozong of Song
China
1153–1162
Alfonso II of Aragon
Spain
1164–1165
Wanyan Liang
China
1153–1161
Magnus Henriksson
Sweden
1160–1161
Emperor Nijō
Japan
1158–1165
Pope Alexander III
Papacy
1159–1165
Emperor Shizong of Jin
China
1161–1165
Emperor Xiaozong of Song
China
1162–1165
Pope Adrian IV
Papacy
1154–1159
Emperor Go-Shirakawa
Japan
1155–1158
Stephen, King of England
England
1153–1154
Emperor Konoe
Japan
1153–1155
Pope Anastasius IV
Papacy
1153–1154
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Malcolm IV of Scotland's life and times.
Medieval Scotland: The Making of an Identity
Bruce Webster
A concise survey of medieval Scotland that situates Malcolm IV of Scotland within church, lordship, and crown.
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