The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Henry II of England
England
1156–1160
Afonso I of Portugal
Portugal
1156–1160
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Spain
1158–1160
Louis VII of France
France
1156–1160
Emperor Gaozong of Song
China
1156–1160
Wanyan Liang
China
1156–1160
Manuel I Komnenos
Rome
1156–1160
Frederick Barbarossa
Holy Roman Empire
1156–1160
Malcolm IV of Scotland
Scotland
1156–1160
Alfonso VII of Castile
Spain
1156–1157
Pope Adrian IV
Papacy
1156–1159
Emperor Go-Shirakawa
Japan
1156–1158
Magnus Henriksson
Sweden
1160–1160
Emperor Nijō
Japan
1158–1160
Pope Alexander III
Papacy
1159–1160
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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