The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Henry II of England
England
1158–1165
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Spain
1158–1165
Afonso I of Portugal
Portugal
1158–1165
Karl Sverkersson
Sweden
1161–1165
Louis VII of France
France
1158–1165
Manuel I Komnenos
Rome
1158–1165
Frederick Barbarossa
Holy Roman Empire
1158–1165
Malcolm IV of Scotland
Scotland
1158–1165
Pope Alexander III
Papacy
1159–1165
Alfonso II of Aragon
Spain
1164–1165
Saint Erik
Sweden
1158–1160
Emperor Gaozong of Song
China
1158–1162
Magnus Henriksson
Sweden
1160–1161
Emperor Shizong of Jin
China
1161–1165
Wanyan Liang
China
1158–1161
Emperor Xiaozong of Song
China
1162–1165
Pope Adrian IV
Papacy
1158–1159
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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