The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Henry II of England
England
1161–1167
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Spain
1161–1167
Afonso I of Portugal
Portugal
1161–1167
Louis VII of France
France
1161–1167
Manuel I Komnenos
Rome
1161–1167
Frederick Barbarossa
Holy Roman Empire
1161–1167
Alfonso II of Aragon
Spain
1164–1167
Pope Alexander III
Papacy
1161–1167
Emperor Shizong of Jin
China
1161–1167
Malcolm IV of Scotland
Scotland
1161–1165
Emperor Xiaozong of Song
China
1162–1167
Emperor Nijō
Japan
1161–1165
Emperor Gaozong of Song
China
1161–1162
Wanyan Liang
China
1161–1161
Emperor Rokujō
Japan
1165–1167
William the Lion
Scotland
1165–1167
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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