
George II
Andrew C. Thompson
The Yale monarchs volume on the last British king born outside the realm.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Elizabeth I of Russia
Russia
1741–1760

Frederick II of Prussia
Prussia
1740–1760

Louis XV of France
France
1727–1760

Anna I of Russia
Russia
1730–1740

Frederick William I of Prussia
Prussia
1727–1740

Qianlong Emperor
China
1735–1760

Mahmud I
Ottoman Empire
1730–1754

Peter II of Russia
Russia
1727–1730

Muhammad Shah
Mughal Empire
1727–1748

Philip V of Spain
Spain
1727–1746

John V of Portugal
Portugal
1727–1750

Frederick I of Sweden
Sweden
1727–1751

Tokugawa Yoshimune
Japan (Shogunate)
1727–1745

Pope Benedict XIV
Papacy
1740–1758

Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1745–1760

Ferdinand VI of Spain
Spain
1746–1759

Tokugawa Ieshige
Japan (Shogunate)
1745–1760

Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1727–1740

Emperor Momozono
Japan
1747–1760

Emperor Sakuramachi
Japan
1735–1747
Yongzheng Emperor
China
1727–1735

Joseph I of Portugal
Portugal
1750–1760

Ahmad Shah Bahadur
Mughal Empire
1748–1754

Pope Clement XII
Papacy
1730–1740

Alamgir II
Mughal Empire
1754–1759

Emperor Nakamikado
Japan
1727–1735

Adolf Fredrik of Sweden
Sweden
1751–1760

Ahmed III
Ottoman Empire
1727–1730

Osman III
Ottoman Empire
1754–1757

Mustafa III
Ottoman Empire
1757–1760

Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1742–1745

Pope Benedict XIII
Papacy
1727–1730

Pope Clement XIII
Papacy
1758–1760
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on George II of Great Britain's life and times.

Andrew C. Thompson
The Yale monarchs volume on the last British king born outside the realm.
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