
Imperial Spain, 1469–1716
J. H. Elliott
Ferdinand VI's peaceful reign, the Bourbon reform era before Charles III.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Elizabeth I of Russia
Russia
1746–1759

Frederick II of Prussia
Prussia
1746–1759

Louis XV of France
France
1746–1759

George II of Great Britain
Great Britain
1746–1759

Qianlong Emperor
China
1746–1759

Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1746–1759

Tokugawa Ieshige
Japan (Shogunate)
1746–1759

Emperor Momozono
Japan
1747–1759

Pope Benedict XIV
Papacy
1746–1758

Mahmud I
Ottoman Empire
1746–1754

Joseph I of Portugal
Portugal
1750–1759

Ahmad Shah Bahadur
Mughal Empire
1748–1754

Adolf Fredrik of Sweden
Sweden
1751–1759

Alamgir II
Mughal Empire
1754–1759

Osman III
Ottoman Empire
1754–1757

Frederick I of Sweden
Sweden
1746–1751

John V of Portugal
Portugal
1746–1750

Mustafa III
Ottoman Empire
1757–1759

Muhammad Shah
Mughal Empire
1746–1748

Emperor Sakuramachi
Japan
1746–1747

Pope Clement XIII
Papacy
1758–1759
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Ferdinand VI of Spain's life and times.

J. H. Elliott
Ferdinand VI's peaceful reign, the Bourbon reform era before Charles III.
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