Recommended read
Imperial Spain, 1469–1716
J. H. Elliott
Ferdinand VI's peaceful reign, the Bourbon reform era before Charles III.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Elizabeth I of Russia
Russia
1741–1762
Frederick II of Prussia
Prussia
1740–1786
Louis XV of France
France
1715–1774
George II of Great Britain
Great Britain
1727–1760
Qianlong Emperor
China
1735–1796
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1745–1765
Tokugawa Ieshige
Japan (Shogunate)
1745–1760
Emperor Momozono
Japan
1747–1762
Pope Benedict XIV
Papacy
1740–1758
Mahmud I
Ottoman Empire
1730–1754
Joseph I of Portugal
Portugal
1750–1777
Ahmad Shah Bahadur
Mughal Empire
1748–1754
Adolf Fredrik of Sweden
Sweden
1751–1771
Alamgir II
Mughal Empire
1754–1759
Osman III
Ottoman Empire
1754–1757
Frederick I of Sweden
Sweden
1720–1751
John V of Portugal
Portugal
1706–1750
Mustafa III
Ottoman Empire
1757–1774
Muhammad Shah
Mughal Empire
1719–1748
Emperor Sakuramachi
Japan
1735–1747
Pope Clement XIII
Papacy
1758–1769
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Go deeper on Ferdinand VI of Spain
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.
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