The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Louis XIV of France
France
1646–1647
Charles I of England
England
1646–1647
Shah Jahan
Mughal Empire
1646–1647
Ibrahim I
Ottoman Empire
1646–1647
Shunzhi Emperor
China
1646–1647
Philip IV of Spain
Spain
1646–1647
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1646–1647
Charles I of England
Scotland
1646–1647
Emperor Go-Kōmyō
Japan
1646–1647
Tokugawa Iemitsu
Japan (Shogunate)
1646–1647
John IV of Portugal
Portugal
1646–1647
Pope Innocent X
Papacy
1646–1647
Christina, Queen of Sweden
Sweden
1646–1647
Yongli Emperor
China
1646–1647
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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