
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Henry III
Holy Roman Empire
1047–1047

Anund Jacob
Sweden
1047–1047

Henry I of France
France
1047–1047

Edward the Confessor
England
1047–1047

Emperor Renzong of Song
China
1047–1047

Zoe Porphyrogenita
Rome
1047–1047

Theodora Porphyrogenita
Rome
1047–1047
Constantine IX Monomachos
Rome
1047–1047

Macbeth, King of Scotland
Scotland
1047–1047

Emperor Go-Reizei
Japan
1047–1047
Emperor Xingzong of Liao
China
1047–1047
Macbeth
Scotland
1047–1047
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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