The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Henry II of England
England
1165–1168
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Spain
1165–1168
Alfonso II of Aragon
Spain
1165–1168
Afonso I of Portugal
Portugal
1165–1168
Louis VII of France
France
1165–1168
Emperor Shizong of Jin
China
1165–1168
Emperor Xiaozong of Song
China
1165–1168
Manuel I Komnenos
Rome
1165–1168
Frederick Barbarossa
Holy Roman Empire
1165–1168
Karl Sverkersson
Sweden
1165–1167
Pope Alexander III
Papacy
1165–1168
William the Lion
Scotland
1165–1168
Malcolm IV of Scotland
Scotland
1165–1165
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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