The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Henry II of England
England
1168–1180
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Spain
1168–1180
Alfonso II of Aragon
Spain
1168–1180
Afonso I of Portugal
Portugal
1168–1180
Louis VII of France
France
1168–1180
Knut Eriksson
Sweden
1173–1180
Emperor Shizong of Jin
China
1168–1180
Emperor Xiaozong of Song
China
1168–1180
Manuel I Komnenos
Rome
1168–1180
Frederick Barbarossa
Holy Roman Empire
1168–1180
William the Lion
Scotland
1168–1180
Pope Alexander III
Papacy
1168–1180
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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