
Recommended read
Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire
Peter H. Wilson
The standard modern history of the empire and its emperors, from Charlemagne to Napoleon.
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Louis XIV of France
France
1643–1715

Kangxi Emperor
China
1661–1722

Frederick I of Prussia
Prussia
1701–1713

Bahadur Shah I
Mughal Empire
1707–1712

Ahmed III
Ottoman Empire
1703–1730

Aurangzeb
Mughal Empire
1658–1707

Pope Clement XI
Papacy
1700–1721

Charles XII of Sweden
Sweden
1697–1718

Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Spain
1706–1714

John V of Portugal
Portugal
1706–1750

Anne, Queen of Great Britain
Great Britain
1707–1714

Emperor Higashiyama
Japan
1687–1709

Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
Japan (Shogunate)
1680–1709

Anne, Queen of Great Britain
England
1702–1707

Tokugawa Ienobu
Japan (Shogunate)
1709–1712

Anne, Queen of Great Britain
Scotland
1702–1707

Emperor Nakamikado
Japan
1709–1735

Philip V of Spain
Spain
1700–1706; 1714–1724; 1724–1746

Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1711–1740

Peter II of Portugal
Portugal
1683–1706
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.

Recommended read
Peter H. Wilson
The standard modern history of the empire and its emperors, from Charlemagne to Napoleon.
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