Bahadur Shah I

Reign: 1707 – 1712
Life: 1643–1712

He was also the governor of the imperial provinces of Agra, Kabul and Lahore and had to face revolts of Rajputs and Sikhs. After Aurangzeb death, Muhammad Azam Shah, his third son by his chief consort Dilras Banu Begum declared himself successor, but was shortly defeated in one of the largest battles of India, the Battle of Jajau and overthrown by Bahadur Shah. During the reign of Bahadur Shah, the Rajput kingdoms of Jodhpur and Amber were annexed again after they had declared independence a few years prior. Bahadur Shah also sparked an Islamic controversy in the khutba by inserting the declaration of Ali as wasi. His reign was disturbed by several rebellions, the Sikhs under the leadership of Banda Singh Bahadur, Rajputs under Durgadas Rathore and a Mughal prince and Bahadur Shah's half-brother Kam Bakhsh but all of them were successfully quelled.

During Bahadur Shah I's reign, Louis XIV of France ruled France, Frederick I of Prussia ruled Prussia, and Kangxi Emperor ruled China.

Further reading: The Mughal Empire by John F. Richards

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Bahadur Shah I

The World During Their Reign

Meanwhile in history

Further Reading

The Mughal Empire