
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Elizabeth I of England
England
1560–1568

Akbar
Mughal Empire
1560–1568

Suleiman the Magnificent
Ottoman Empire
1560–1566

Charles IX of France
France
1560–1568

Philip II of Spain
Spain
1560–1568

Selim II
Ottoman Empire
1566–1568

Emperor Ōgimachi
Japan
1560–1568

Sebastian, King of Portugal
Portugal
1560–1568

Jiajing Emperor of Ming
China
1560–1567

Mary, Queen of Scots
Scotland
1560–1567

Pope Pius IV
Papacy
1560–1565

Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1564–1568

Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1560–1564

Ashikaga Yoshiteru
Japan (Shogunate)
1560–1565

Pope Pius V
Papacy
1566–1568

Longqing Emperor
China
1567–1568

Ashikaga Yoshiaki
Japan (Shogunate)
1568–1568
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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