
Recommended read
Absolute Monarchs: A History of the Papacy
John Julius Norwich
Norwich's narrative history of the popes, from Saint Peter's successors to the modern Vatican.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Elizabeth I of England
England
1558–1603

Suleiman the Magnificent
Ottoman Empire
1520–1566

Akbar
Mughal Empire
1556–1605

Jiajing Emperor of Ming
China
1521–1567

Philip II of Spain
Spain
1556–1598

Mary, Queen of Scots
Scotland
1542–1567

Emperor Ōgimachi
Japan
1557–1586

Charles IX of France
France
1560–1574

Sebastian, King of Portugal
Portugal
1557–1578

Ashikaga Yoshiteru
Japan (Shogunate)
1547–1565

Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1556–1564

Erik XIV
Sweden
1560–1568

Francis II of France
France
1559–1560

Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1564–1576

Gustav I of Sweden
Sweden
1523–1560
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.

Recommended read
John Julius Norwich
Norwich's narrative history of the popes, from Saint Peter's successors to the modern Vatican.
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