Explore who held power in each world throne this year.

England
Edward IV of England
all year
Western Europe

Scotland
James III of Scotland
all year
Western Europe

France
Louis XI of France
all year
Western Europe

Spain
John II of Aragon
all year
Western Europe

Portugal
Afonso V of Portugal
all year
Western Europe

Sweden
Christian I of Denmark
until 2 Jul
Northern Europe

Holy Roman Empire
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
all year
Central Europe

Papacy
Pope Pius II
until 14 Aug
Southern Europe

Ottoman Empire
Mehmed II
all year
Eastern Mediterranean

China
Chenghua Emperor
from 3 Mar
East Asia

Japan
Emperor Go-Hanazono
until 21 Aug
East Asia

Japan (Shogunate)
Ashikaga Yoshimasa
all year
East Asia