The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Austria
1903–1914
Wilhelm II
Prussia
1903–1914
Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1903–1914
Emperor Meiji
Japan
1903–1912
Alfonso XIII
Spain
1903–1914
Nicholas II of Russia
Russia
1903–1914
Edward VII of the United Kingdom
Great Britain
1903–1910
Abdul Hamid II
Ottoman Empire
1903–1909
Mehmed V
Ottoman Empire
1909–1914
Guangxu Emperor
China
1903–1908
Gustaf V of Sweden
Sweden
1907–1914
Puyi
China
1908–1912
Carlos I of Portugal
Portugal
1903–1908
Oscar II of Sweden
Sweden
1903–1907
Emperor Taishō
Japan
1912–1914
Manuel II of Portugal
Portugal
1908–1910
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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