Recommended read
A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire
A. R. Disney
Carlos I and the twilight of the Braganza monarchy before the 1910 revolution.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Austria
1848–1916
Emperor Meiji
Japan
1867–1912
Wilhelm II
Prussia
1888–1918
Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1890–1948
Abdul Hamid II
Ottoman Empire
1876–1909
Guangxu Emperor
China
1875–1908
Alfonso XIII
Spain
1886–1931
Oscar II of Sweden
Sweden
1872–1907
Nicholas II of Russia
Russia
1894–1917
Victoria
Great Britain
1837–1901
Pope Leo XIII
Papacy
1878–1903
William III of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1849–1890
Edward VII of the United Kingdom
Great Britain
1901–1910
Alexander III of Russia
Russia
1881–1894
Pope Pius X
Papacy
1903–1914
Meanwhile in history
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From the library
Go deeper on Carlos I of Portugal
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