The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Austria
1875–1908
Emperor Meiji
Japan
1875–1908
Wilhelm II
Prussia
1888–1908
Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1890–1908
Abdul Hamid II
Ottoman Empire
1876–1908
William III of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1875–1890
Wilhelm I
Prussia
1875–1888
Oscar II of Sweden
Sweden
1875–1907
Victoria
Great Britain
1875–1901
Alexander II of Russia
Russia
1875–1881
Alfonso XIII
Spain
1886–1908
Pope Leo XIII
Papacy
1878–1903
Carlos I of Portugal
Portugal
1889–1908
Nicholas II of Russia
Russia
1894–1908
Alexander III of Russia
Russia
1881–1894
Alfonso XII of Spain
Spain
1875–1885
Luís I of Portugal
Portugal
1875–1889
Edward VII of the United Kingdom
Great Britain
1901–1908
Pope Pius X
Papacy
1903–1908
Pope Pius IX
Papacy
1875–1878
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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