The Romanovs: 1613–1918
Simon Sebag Montefiore
The final chapters on Nicholas II, Alexandra, and the revolution that ended three centuries of rule.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Austria
1894–1916
Wilhelm II
Prussia
1894–1917
Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1894–1917
Emperor Meiji
Japan
1894–1912
Alfonso XIII
Spain
1894–1917
Abdul Hamid II
Ottoman Empire
1894–1909
Guangxu Emperor
China
1894–1908
Carlos I of Portugal
Portugal
1894–1908
Edward VII of the United Kingdom
Great Britain
1901–1910
Oscar II of Sweden
Sweden
1894–1907
Pope Pius X
Papacy
1903–1914
Mehmed V
Ottoman Empire
1909–1917
Victoria
Great Britain
1894–1901
Pope Leo XIII
Papacy
1894–1903
Gustaf V of Sweden
Sweden
1907–1917
Puyi
China
1908–1912
Emperor Taishō
Japan
1912–1917
Pope Benedict XV
Papacy
1914–1917
Manuel II of Portugal
Portugal
1908–1910
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Nicholas II of Russia's life and times.
Nicholas II: Emperor of All the Russias
Dominic Lieven
Lieven's measured biography by a leading historian of imperial Russia.
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