The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Austria
1878–1903
Emperor Meiji
Japan
1878–1903
Wilhelm II
Prussia
1888–1903
Abdul Hamid II
Ottoman Empire
1878–1903
Guangxu Emperor
China
1878–1903
William III of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1878–1890
Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1890–1903
Victoria
Great Britain
1878–1901
Wilhelm I
Prussia
1878–1888
Oscar II of Sweden
Sweden
1878–1903
Alexander II of Russia
Russia
1878–1881
Alfonso XIII
Spain
1886–1903
Alexander III of Russia
Russia
1881–1894
Carlos I of Portugal
Portugal
1889–1903
Nicholas II of Russia
Russia
1894–1903
Alfonso XII of Spain
Spain
1878–1885
Luís I of Portugal
Portugal
1878–1889
Edward VII of the United Kingdom
Great Britain
1901–1903
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
By subscribing you agree to receive emails from us. See our Privacy Policy. Unsubscribe any time.