
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Elizabeth I of England
England
1574–1589

Murad III
Ottoman Empire
1574–1589

Akbar
Mughal Empire
1574–1589

John III of Sweden
Sweden
1574–1589

Wanli Emperor
China
1574–1589

Philip II of Spain
Spain
1574–1589

Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1576–1589

Ashikaga Yoshiaki
Japan (Shogunate)
1574–1588

Emperor Ōgimachi
Japan
1574–1586

Pope Gregory XIII
Papacy
1574–1585

Philip II of Spain
Portugal
1580–1589

Pope Sixtus V
Papacy
1585–1589

Sebastian, King of Portugal
Portugal
1574–1578

Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1574–1576

James VI and I
Scotland
1587–1589

Emperor Go-Yōzei
Japan
1586–1589

Henry, King of Portugal
Portugal
1578–1580
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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