Explore who held power in each world throne this year.

England
Henry VI of England
all year
Western Europe

Scotland
James I of Scotland
all year
Western Europe

France
Charles VII of France
all year
Western Europe

Spain
Alfonso V of Aragon
all year
Western Europe

Portugal
John I of Portugal
all year
Western Europe

Sweden
Erik of Pomerania
all year
Northern Europe

Rome
Manuel II Palaiologos
all year
Mediterranean

Papacy
Pope Martin V
all year
Southern Europe

Ottoman Empire
Murad II
all year
Eastern Mediterranean

China
Yongle Emperor
until 12 Aug
East Asia

Japan
Emperor Shōkō
all year
East Asia
Japan (Shogunate)
Ashikaga Yoshikazu
all year
East Asia