
Recommended read
The Last Mughal
William Dalrymple
The last emperors after the Mutiny, Dalrymple on Bahadur Shah Zafar and the dynasty's end.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

George III of Great Britain
Great Britain
1760–1801

Catherine II of Russia
Russia
1762–1796

Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1765–1790

Frederick William II of Prussia
Prussia
1786–1797

Louis XVI of France
France
1774–1791

Abdul Hamid I
Ottoman Empire
1774–1789

Qianlong Emperor
China
1735–1796

Charles III of Spain
Spain
1759–1788

Emperor Kōkaku
Japan
1779–1817

Tokugawa Ienari
Japan (Shogunate)
1787–1837

Maria I of Portugal
Portugal
1777–1816

Pope Pius VI
Papacy
1775–1799

Gustav III of Sweden
Sweden
1771–1792
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.

Recommended read
William Dalrymple
The last emperors after the Mutiny, Dalrymple on Bahadur Shah Zafar and the dynasty's end.
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