
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Cnut the Great
England
1016–1016

Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1016–1016

Olof Skötkonung
Sweden
1016–1016

Robert II of France
France
1016–1016

Emperor Zhenzong of Song
China
1016–1016

Basil II
Rome
1016–1016

Malcolm II of Scotland
Scotland
1016–1016

Pope Benedict VIII
Papacy
1016–1016
Emperor Shengzong of Liao
China
1016–1016

Emperor Go-Ichijō
Japan
1016–1016

Æthelred the Unready
England
1016–1016

Emperor Sanjō
Japan
1016–1016
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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