Recommended read
A History of Medieval Spain
Joseph F. O'Callaghan
Alfonso IV ('the Kind') and the Mediterranean ambitions of the Crown of Aragon.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Edward III of England
England
1327–1377
Orhan
Ottoman Empire
1326–1362
Afonso IV of Portugal
Portugal
1325–1357
Philip VI of France
France
1328–1350
Louis IV of Bavaria
Holy Roman Empire
1328–1347
Andronikos III Palaiologos
Rome
1328–1341
Emperor Go-Daigo
Japan
1318–1339
Magnus IV of Sweden
Sweden
1319–1364
Pope John XXII
Papacy
1316–1334
David II of Scotland
Scotland
1329–1371
Jayaatu Khan
China
1328–1329; 1329–1332
Prince Morikuni
Japan (Shogunate)
1308–1333
Edward Balliol
Scotland
1332–1336
Toghon Temür
China
1333–1368
Robert I of Scotland
Scotland
1306–1329
Yesün Temür Khan
China
1323–1328
Khutughtu Khan
China
1329–1329
Andronikos II Palaiologos
Rome
1282–1328
Pope Benedict XII
Papacy
1335–1342
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Go deeper on Alfonso IV of Aragon
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.
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