A History of Medieval Spain
Joseph F. O'Callaghan
Alfonso IV ('the Kind') and the Mediterranean ambitions of the Crown of Aragon.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Edward III of England
England
1327–1336
Orhan
Ottoman Empire
1327–1336
Afonso IV of Portugal
Portugal
1327–1336
Philip VI of France
France
1328–1336
Louis IV of Bavaria
Holy Roman Empire
1328–1336
Andronikos III Palaiologos
Rome
1328–1336
Emperor Go-Daigo
Japan
1327–1336
Magnus IV of Sweden
Sweden
1327–1336
Pope John XXII
Papacy
1327–1334
David II of Scotland
Scotland
1329–1336
Jayaatu Khan
China
1329–1332
Prince Morikuni
Japan (Shogunate)
1327–1333
Edward Balliol
Scotland
1332–1336
Toghon Temür
China
1333–1336
Robert I of Scotland
Scotland
1327–1329
Yesün Temür Khan
China
1327–1328
Khutughtu Khan
China
1329–1329
Andronikos II Palaiologos
Rome
1327–1328
Pope Benedict XII
Papacy
1335–1336
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Alfonso IV of Aragon's life and times.
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