Explore who held power in each world throne this year.

England
Elizabeth I of England
all year
Western Europe

Scotland
James VI and I
all year
Western Europe

France
Henry IV of France
all year
Western Europe

Spain
Philip II of Spain
all year
Western Europe

Portugal
Philip II of Spain
all year
Western Europe

Sweden
John III of Sweden
all year
Northern Europe

Holy Roman Empire
Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
all year
Central Europe

Papacy
Pope Gregory XIV
until 16 Oct
Southern Europe

Ottoman Empire
Murad III
all year
Eastern Mediterranean

Mughal Empire
Akbar
all year
South Asia

China
Wanli Emperor
all year
East Asia

Japan
Emperor Go-Yōzei
all year
East Asia