
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Edward I of England
England
1288–1292

Kublai Khan
China
1288–1292

Denis I of Portugal
Portugal
1288–1292

Alfonso III of Aragon
Spain
1288–1291

Philip IV of France
France
1288–1292

Andronikos II Palaiologos
Rome
1288–1292

Emperor Fushimi
Japan
1288–1292

Margaret, Maid of Norway
Scotland
1288–1290
Prince Hisaaki
Japan (Shogunate)
1289–1292

Magnus III of Sweden
Sweden
1288–1290

Birger, King of Sweden
Sweden
1290–1292

James II of Aragon
Spain
1291–1292
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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