
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Edward I of England
England
1294–1294

Denis I of Portugal
Portugal
1294–1294

Philip IV of France
France
1294–1294

Temür Khan
China
1294–1294

James II of Aragon
Spain
1294–1294

Andronikos II Palaiologos
Rome
1294–1294

John of Scotland
Scotland
1294–1294

Emperor Fushimi
Japan
1294–1294

Birger, King of Sweden
Sweden
1294–1294
Prince Hisaaki
Japan (Shogunate)
1294–1294
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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