Constantine III of Scotland

Reign: 995 – 997
Life: 971–997

He was known as Constantine III. Constantine, son of Cuilén (Middle Gaelic: Causantín mac Cuiléin; Modern Gaelic: Còiseam mac Chailein), known in most modern regnal lists as Constantine III (c. John of Fordun calls him, in Latin, Constantinus Calvus, which translates to Constantine the Bald. (Middle Gaelic: Causantín In Maol) Benjamin Hudson notes that insular authors from Ireland and Scotland typically identified rulers by sobriquets, noting for example the similarly named Eugenius Calvus (Owain Foel), an 11th century King of Strathclyde.

During Constantine III of Scotland's reign, Olof Skötkonung ruled Sweden, Æthelred the Unready ruled England, and Basil II ruled Rome.

Want to learn more? Further reading

Scotland: A History by Jenny Wormald

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Go deeper on Constantine III of Scotland

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Scotland: A History

Jenny Wormald

The standard one-volume history of Scotland, essential context for the early kingdom and its kings.

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Medieval Scotland: The Making of an Identity
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A concise survey of medieval Scotland that situates Constantine III of Scotland within church, lordship, and crown.
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