
A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire
A. R. Disney
António of Crato, the anti-Philip claimant in the 1580 succession crisis.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Elizabeth I of England
England
1580–1580

Murad III
Ottoman Empire
1580–1580

Akbar
Mughal Empire
1580–1580

John III of Sweden
Sweden
1580–1580

Henry III of France
France
1580–1580

Wanli Emperor
China
1580–1580

Philip II of Spain
Spain
1580–1580

Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1580–1580

Emperor Ōgimachi
Japan
1580–1580

Ashikaga Yoshiaki
Japan (Shogunate)
1580–1580

Pope Gregory XIII
Papacy
1580–1580
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on António, Prior of Crato's life and times.

A. R. Disney
António of Crato, the anti-Philip claimant in the 1580 succession crisis.
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