
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

John, King of England
England
1204–1204

Alfonso VIII of Castile
Spain
1204–1204

Peter II of Aragon
Spain
1204–1204

Minamoto no Sanetomo
Japan (Shogunate)
1204–1204

Sancho I of Portugal
Portugal
1204–1204

Philip II of France
France
1204–1204

Emperor Ningzong of Song
China
1204–1204

Constantine Laskaris
Rome
1204–1204

William the Lion
Scotland
1204–1204

Emperor Tsuchimikado
Japan
1204–1204

Pope Innocent III
Papacy
1204–1204
Emperor Zhangzong of Jin
China
1204–1204

Sverker II of Sweden
Sweden
1204–1204
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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