A moment in history
Who ruled the world in 1777?
14 thrones active across 14 rulers, a snapshot of the 18th century.
1777 was a decisive year in the American War of Independence. In October, British forces surrendered at Saratoga, a victory that persuaded France to enter the war openly against George III of Great Britain. On the 24th of February, Joseph I of Portugal died and was succeeded by his daughter Maria I of Portugal, the first woman to rule Portugal in her own right. In November, the Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation, the new republic's first frame of government, while the war on the eastern seaboard ground on.
Explore who held power in each world throne this year.

France
Louis XVI of France
all year
Western Europe

Spain
Charles III of Spain
all year
Western Europe

Portugal
Maria I of Portugal
from 24 Feb
Western Europe

Sweden
Gustav III of Sweden
all year
Northern Europe

Holy Roman Empire
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
all year
Central Europe

Prussia
Frederick II of Prussia
all year
Central Europe

Great Britain
George III of Great Britain
all year
Western Europe

Papacy
Pope Pius VI
all year
Southern Europe

Ottoman Empire
Abdul Hamid I
all year
Eastern Mediterranean

Russia
Catherine II of Russia
all year
Eastern Europe

Mughal Empire
Shah Alam II
all year
South Asia

China
Qianlong Emperor
all year
East Asia

Japan
Emperor Go-Momozono
all year
East Asia

Japan (Shogunate)
Tokugawa Ieharu
all year
East Asia