The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Osman I
Ottoman Empire
1305–1314

Denis I of Portugal
Portugal
1305–1314

Philip IV of France
France
1305–1314

James II of Aragon
Spain
1305–1314

Andronikos II Palaiologos
Rome
1305–1314

Edward I of England
England
1305–1307

Robert I of Scotland
Scotland
1306–1314

Birger, King of Sweden
Sweden
1305–1314

Edward II of England
England
1307–1314

Emperor Hanazono
Japan
1308–1314
Prince Morikuni
Japan (Shogunate)
1308–1314

Külüg Khan
China
1307–1311

Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan
China
1311–1314

Emperor Go-Nijō
Japan
1305–1308

Temür Khan
China
1305–1307

Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1312–1313
Prince Hisaaki
Japan (Shogunate)
1305–1308
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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