The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Edward I of England
England
1298–1301
Denis I of Portugal
Portugal
1298–1301
Osman I
Ottoman Empire
1299–1301
Philip IV of France
France
1298–1301
Temür Khan
China
1298–1301
James II of Aragon
Spain
1298–1301
Andronikos II Palaiologos
Rome
1298–1301
Pope Boniface VIII
Papacy
1298–1301
Birger, King of Sweden
Sweden
1298–1301
Prince Hisaaki
Japan (Shogunate)
1298–1301
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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