The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Michael III
Rome
846–859
Kenneth MacAlpin
Scotland
846–858
Emperor Montoku
Japan
850–858
Pope Leo IV
Papacy
847–855
Lothair II of Lotharingia
France
855–859
Emperor Ninmyō
Japan
846–850
Pope Joan
Papacy
855–858
Pope Benedict III
Papacy
855–858
Domnall mac Ailpín
Scotland
858–859
Pope Nicholas I
Papacy
858–859
Emperor Seiwa
Japan
858–859
Pope Sergius II
Papacy
846–847
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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